Amnesia Lemon is a strain that perfectly embodies the marriage of two renowned strains - Amnesia Haze and Lemon Skunk. This sativa-dominant hybrid offers a unique and potent combination of flavors, aromas, and effects. Known for its uplifting and energizing qualities, Amnesia Lemon has gained popularity among cannabis enthusiasts worldwide. In this guide, we will delve into the origins, characteristics, cultivation tips, and effects of Amnesia Lemon, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of this exceptional strain.

Origins and Genetics:

Amnesia Lemon is the result of crossbreeding two legendary strains, Amnesia Haze and Lemon Skunk. Amnesia Haze, a sativa-dominant hybrid, is renowned for its powerful cerebral effects and citrusy aroma. On the other hand, Lemon Skunk brings its distinct lemony scent and uplifting qualities to the genetic mix. The combination of these two strains resulted in the creation of Amnesia Lemon, which beautifully captures the best of both worlds.

Appearance and Aroma:

Amnesia Lemon plants typically display dense, elongated buds with a vibrant green color. These resinous buds are generously coated in trichomes, giving them a frosty and glistening appearance. The strain's name is indicative of its aroma, as it exudes a strong and unmistakable lemon scent. The fragrance is often accompanied by earthy undertones, which add depth to the overall olfactory experience. Breaking open a bud releases an intense burst of citrus that can be invigorating and refreshing.

Flavors and Taste Profile:

When it comes to flavors, Amnesia Lemon lives up to its name. The strain offers a delightful combination of zesty lemon and tangy citrus notes that tantalize the taste buds. This refreshing profile is complemented by hints of sweet and earthy undertones, creating a well-rounded and enjoyable flavor experience. The taste is often described as smooth and balanced, making it a favorite among cannabis connoisseurs who appreciate a harmonious blend of citrusy goodness.

Cultivation Tips:

Amnesia Lemon can be grown both indoors and outdoors, although it thrives particularly well in indoor environments where environmental factors can be more easily controlled. When cultivating this strain, it's crucial to provide a favorable growing environment to achieve optimal results. Here are some cultivation tips to consider:

Climate and Temperature: Amnesia Lemon prefers a mild and Mediterranean-like climate with temperatures ranging between 68-80°F (20-27°C) during the vegetative stage. Keep humidity levels in check, aiming for around 40-50% to prevent mold and mildew growth.

Lighting and Indoor Setup: If growing indoors, provide a consistent light cycle of 18-20 hours of light during the vegetative stage, followed by 12 hours of uninterrupted darkness during the flowering stage. High-intensity discharge (HID) lights or LED grow lights are commonly used for indoor cultivation.

Nutrients and Feeding: Ensure a balanced nutrient regimen throughout the different growth stages, including a higher nitrogen content during vegetative growth and a shift towards phosphorus and potassium during flowering. Regularly monitor pH rs11 strain uk levels and adjust nutrient solutions accordingly.

Training and Pruning: Employ training techniques such as topping, pruning, and low-stress training (LST) to manage the plant's height, enhance light penetration, and promote even bud development. This helps maximize yields and maintain a manageable canopy.

Harvesting and Drying: Harvest Amnesia Lemon when the trichomes are milky white with some amber hues. After carefully trimming the buds, hang them in a dark and well-ventilated area with controlled humidity levels (around 45-55%) to dry slowly. Proper drying and curing are essential for preserving the strain's flavors and potency.

Effects and Medicinal Benefits:

Amnesia Lemon's effects are predominantly cerebral and uplifting, making it a popular choice for daytime use or social occasions. The high sets in quickly, inducing a sense of euphoria and mental stimulation. Users often report heightened focus, creativity, and an energetic boost that can be conducive to productivity and social interactions.

In addition to its recreational effects, Amnesia Lemon may offer medicinal benefits to certain individuals. The strain's uplifting nature can potentially help with mood disorders such as depression or chronic stress. Some users have also reported relief from mild pain and headaches, although individual experiences may vary.

Precautions and Side Effects:

As with any cannabis strain, it's important to consume Amnesia Lemon responsibly and be aware of potential side effects. Common side effects associated with cannabis use include dry mouth and eyes, dizziness, and increased heart rate. Inexperienced users or those sensitive to THC may also experience anxiety or paranoia if consumed in large quantities.

Moreover, it's essential to be mindful of dosage and personal tolerance. The high THC content in Amnesia Lemon can be potent, and novice users should start with small doses to gauge their reaction and gradually increase as needed.

Conclusion:

Amnesia Lemon is a remarkable cannabis strain that offers a unique combination of effects and flavors. With its potent citrus aroma, tangy taste, and balanced high, it has gained a loyal following among cannabis enthusiasts. Whether you're seeking a strain for socializing, creative pursuits, or potential therapeutic benefits, Amnesia Lemon is definitely worth exploring. Just remember to cultivate responsibly, and enjoy this strain responsibly in compliance with local laws and regulations.

Constipation is a common digestive issue that affects people of all ages. It occurs when bowel movements become infrequent or difficult to pass. While occasional constipation is usually harmless, chronic constipation can lead to discomfort, bloating, and other health problems. Fortunately, there are several natural remedies and lifestyle changes that can help alleviate constipation and promote regular bowel movements. In this guide, we will explore various strategies to overcome constipation and improve your digestive health.

Understanding Constipation:

Before we dive into the solutions, it's essential to understand the causes and symptoms of constipation. Common causes include inadequate fiber intake, dehydration, lack of physical activity, ignoring the urge to defecate, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions. Symptoms may include infrequent bowel movements, hard or lumpy stools, straining during bowel movements, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation.

Natural Remedies for Constipation:

Increase Fiber Intake:

Fiber is crucial for maintaining regular bowel movements. It adds bulk to the stool and helps it pass through the intestines more easily. Include fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts in your diet. Aim for a daily intake of 25-30 grams of fiber.

Stay Hydrated:

Drinking an adequate amount of water is vital for softening the stool and preventing dehydration, which can contribute to constipation. Aim to drink at least eight glasses of water per day. Herbal teas and natural fruit juices can also help hydrate the body.

Regular Exercise:

Physical activity stimulates the muscles in the intestines, promoting bowel movements. Engage in regular exercise, such as walking, jogging, or yoga, for at least 30 minutes each day to improve digestion and prevent constipation.

Natural Laxatives:

Certain natural substances have laxative properties and can provide relief from constipation. Examples include aloe vera, psyllium husk, flaxseed, and prunes. Incorporate these into your diet in moderation to promote regularity.

Probiotics:

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that promote a healthy gut. They can improve digestion and regulate bowel movements. Include probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi in your diet. Alternatively, consider taking a probiotic supplement after consulting with a healthcare professional.

Lifestyle Changes to Combat Constipation:

Establish Regular Bathroom Habits:

Listen to your body's natural cues and respond promptly to the urge to defecate. Ignoring or delaying bowel movements can lead to constipation. Establish a consistent schedule by visiting the bathroom at the same time each day to encourage regularity.

Create a Relaxing Environment:

Stress and anxiety can contribute to constipation. Create a calm and relaxing environment in your bathroom by playing soft music, lighting candles, or using essential oils. Practice deep breathing or meditation techniques to promote relaxation.

Positioning during Bowel Movements:

The position you adopt while having a bowel movement can affect the ease of passage. Elevating your feet with a small step stool or using a squatting position can align the colon and rectum, making it easier to eliminate waste.

Avoid Holding Your Breath:

Straining and holding your breath during bowel movements can worsen constipation. Instead, breathe deeply and relax your abdominal muscles while passing stool. This can reduce discomfort and make the process more efficient.

Manage Stress:

Chronic stress can disrupt normal bowel function. Incorporate stress management techniques into your daily routine, such as regular exercise, meditation, yoga, or engaging in hobbies that bring you joy. Seek support from friends, family, or a professional if needed.

When to Seek Medical Attention:

While most cases of constipation can be managed with natural remedies and lifestyle changes, some best probiotic supplement situations require medical attention. Consult a healthcare professional if you experience severe pain, blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, or if constipation persists for more than two weeks despite home remedies.

Conclusion:

Constipation is a common condition that can significantly impact your quality of life. By implementing the natural remedies and lifestyle changes outlined in this guide, you can improve your digestive health and alleviate constipation. Remember to be consistent in your efforts, stay hydrated, and listen to your body's cues. If constipation persists or is accompanied by concerning symptoms, it's important to seek medical advice for proper evaluation and treatment. With dedication and a holistic approach, you can overcome constipation and enjoy a healthier digestive system.

Looking to dive deeper into your sewing obsession? These sewing blogs are some of our all-time faves, and many of the faces behind ’em teach classes on Craftsy — meaning you can gain extra knowledge and get those creative juices flowing for your next project.

Oonaballoona
Marcy Harriell — aka Oona from Oonaballoona — is the one to follow whenever you feel like you’ve hit an outfit slump. She transforms ho-hum outfits into major show-stoppers in her Craftsy series Re:Fashion, while her blog offers up ideas for unique fabric combinations and beautiful trims.

The Palmer/Pletsch Blog
When you want to pick up additional skills, the Palmer/Pletsch Blog is here to help. Run by Pati Palmer and Melissa Watson, these ladies are all about perfecting fitting and tailoring techniques so you can rock your wardrobe in style.

The Crafty Gemini
You may know Vanessa Vargas Wilson as the instructor of our Pulsing Prism Afghan class, but she shows off even more of her skills on her blog The Crafty Gemini. There you can find tutorials for garments, tips for beginner sewists and even reviews of different sewing machines. And if your interests go beyond sewing, she has content for everything from baking and paper crafts to woodworking.

Sew Liberated
A while back, Meg McElwee decided to focus on her family and sewing with conscious intention. While her posts on Sew Liberated are, of course, sewing-related, they’re also infused with thoughts about cherishing your body, being at peace with your clothes and the power of a homemade wardrobe .

Whipstitch
Whipstitch is run by Atlanta-based patternmaker, author, teacher and blogger Deborah Moebes. Along with designing garment patterns for both kids and adults, she creates quilt patterns, writes books and teaches classes. She also created the Murder Mystery Quilt, a subscription where you quilt to find clues and solve a mystery story.

Mister Domestic
Trust us, you won’t regret joining Mister Domestic‘s fabric party. While his blog content is primarily quilt-focused, he also has sewing tutorials for hats and bags, as well as some embroidery and crochet projects. Talk about a jack of all trades!

Tilly and the Buttons
London-based patternmaker and author Tilly Walnes, known on the web as Tilly & The Buttons, found her first taste of success on the popular television show, The Great British Sewing Bee. Jumping from the show’s exposure, she has since built a mini empire with in-person and online classes, patterns, books and a blog filled with tutorials and project inspo.

Orange Lingerie
As more people get into sewing their own bras and undergarments, finding quality resources is insanely helpful. Which is where Norma Loehr of the blog and indie pattern line Orange Lingerie comes in — she gives both the new and the experienced bra maker inspiration and guidance through her tutorials, patterns and books.

Mimi G Style
Mimi G can be seen engaging in unique clothing friendly competition in our Craftsy series He Sewed, She Sewed, which she co-hosts with husband Norris Dánta Ford. When she’s not sewing up stylish outfits, she’s running her award-winning fashion and DIY blog. There she posts tutorials and outfit inspo that’s sure to captivate any creative sewer.

Male Pattern Boldness
Peter Lappin is the sewing fanatic behind Male Pattern Boldness, where he talks men’s fashion, fabric, sewing and more. He posts detailed tutorials for anything you might need to gift the male friend in your life. Shirts, pants, boxers — you name it, it’s likely he’s got it.

Sew Sweetness
If bag making is your thing, then the Sew Sweetness blog is for you. Sara Lawson is an author, pattern designer and sewist extraordinaire. While she certainly sews more than just bags, that is her area of expertise — on her blog you can learn to sew, line and interface everything from totes to coin purses.

Made by Rae
Rae Hoekstra, the designer behind indie pattern company Made by Rae, sews for both adults and kids, meaning her blog is packed full of tutorials. She also ventures into home accessories, toys and gifts, and her sincere kindness makes her blog a lovely place to spend some quality time.

Carolyn Friedlander
A former architect turned fabric and quilt designer, Carolyn Friedlander’s blog is filled with b-e-a-utiful projects drawn from elements of art and architecture. Her designs are modern and filled with bold colors and crisp lines, making it incredibly easy to fall in love with the site.

Cashmerette
Sewist Jenny Rushmore founded Cashmerette to share her inspirations, tips and sew-alongs while celebrating the fabulous curvy sewers of the world. She believes that confidence is achieved by changing your clothes to fit your body — not the other way around — and helps others learn the skills they need to make that happen.

Ada Spragg
Some blogs are chock-full of skills, techniques and tutorials, while others are also full of pure eye candy. Ada Spragg is one such blog, as Sophie, the mastermind behind it, sews up glamorous, architectural and interesting garments that will undoubtedly get your mind going with ideas on how to craft a closet that screams you.

Reinforced Cement Concrete Infilled Lattice (RCCIL) is a construction technique that combines the strength and durability of reinforced concrete with the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of infill masonry. RCCIL is widely used in the construction industry for various types of structures, including residential buildings, commercial complexes, and industrial facilities. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of RCCIL construction, covering its advantages, materials, design considerations, construction process, and maintenance.

Structural Integrity: RCCIL structures exhibit high strength and structural integrity due to the combination of reinforced concrete and infill masonry, resulting in enhanced resistance against lateral loads, such as earthquakes and wind.

Cost-effectiveness: RCCIL construction is more cost-effective compared to traditional reinforced concrete structures due to reduced concrete and reinforcement requirements. The use of infill masonry as a structural component reduces the overall construction cost.

Construction Efficiency: The construction process for RCCIL structures is relatively faster compared to conventional techniques. The combination of precast concrete members and infill masonry allows for faster assembly and reduces the time required for on-site construction.

Thermal and Acoustic Insulation: The infill masonry component of RCCIL structures provides excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties, improving energy efficiency and occupant comfort.

Materials Used in RCCIL:
Concrete: The concrete used in RCCIL construction should conform to the relevant codes and specifications. It should have adequate compressive strength, workability, and durability properties.

Reinforcement: The reinforcement used in RCCIL structures typically includes steel bars or meshes. The selection of reinforcement is based on the structural design requirements, including the load-carrying capacity and durability considerations.

Infill Masonry: The infill masonry can be made of various materials, such as bricks, concrete blocks, or other masonry units. The selection of infill material depends on factors like availability, cost, and structural requirements.

Design Considerations:
Structural Analysis: A comprehensive structural analysis is necessary to determine the load-carrying capacity and overall stability of the RCCIL structure. This analysis includes considerations of dead loads, live loads, seismic loads, wind loads, and other relevant factors.

Infilled Masonry Design: The design of the infill masonry involves determining the thickness, type, and layout of the masonry units. Factors like compressive strength, mortar properties, and bond strength should be considered for optimal performance.

Reinforcement Detailing: The reinforcement detailing should be carried out based on the structural design requirements. The detailing includes determining the placement, spacing, and diameter of the reinforcement bars to ensure proper load distribution and structural stability.

Construction Process:
Site Preparation: The construction site should be cleared, leveled, and compacted to provide a suitable foundation for the RCCIL structure. Excavation and soil compaction may be required to achieve the desired soil bearing capacity.

Foundation Construction: The foundation provides the base support for the RCCIL structure. It is typically constructed using reinforced concrete footings or piles, depending on the soil conditions and structural design requirements. The foundation design should consider factors like soil bearing capacity, settlement, and lateral stability.

Framework Construction: The framework of the RCCIL structure includes columns, beams, and slabs. These structural elements are constructed using reinforced concrete, following the design specifications. Precast concrete elements may be used to expedite the construction process.

Infill Masonry Placement: Once the framework is in place, the infill masonry is installed between the columns and beams. The masonry units are laid in a staggered pattern using mortar, ensuring proper bonding and structural integrity. The thickness of the infill masonry is determined based on the design requirements.

Reinforcement Installation: The reinforcement bars or meshes are installed within the infill masonry. They are securely tied to the framework to provide additional strength and structural stability. The reinforcement should be placed as per the design detailing to ensure proper load transfer.

Concrete Pouring: After the reinforcement installation, the concrete is poured into the RCCIL structure. The concrete mix should have the required strength and workability. Proper compaction techniques should be employed to eliminate voids and achieve uniform distribution.

Curing: Curing is a crucial step in the construction process to ensure the development of adequate strength and durability in the RCCIL structure. Curing methods like water curing, curing compounds, or membrane curing should be employed as per the recommended practices.

Maintenance of RCCIL Structures:
Inspection and Monitoring: Regular inspection and monitoring of the RCCIL structure are essential to identify any signs of distress, such as cracks, corrosion, or settlement. Professional engineers should conduct periodic assessments to assess the structural integrity and identify maintenance needs.

Repair and Rehabilitation: If any damages or deterioration are detected, timely repair and rehabilitation measures should be taken. This may involve concrete repairs, masonry repairs, reinforcement strengthening, or other necessary actions to restore the structural integrity.

Conclusion:
RCCIL Creative Industry Research & Development construction offers numerous advantages in terms of structural integrity, cost-effectiveness, and construction efficiency. By combining reinforced concrete and infill masonry, RCCIL structures provide strength, durability, and enhanced resistance against lateral loads. Proper design, materials selection, and construction techniques are crucial for achieving optimal performance and longevity of RCCIL structures. Regular maintenance and timely repairs ensure the longevity and safety of these structures. By following the guidelines provided in this comprehensive guide, professionals can successfully implement RCCIL construction and contribute to the development of sustainable and resilient buildings.

A financial market refers to a marketplace where various kinds of financial securities such as stocks, bonds, commodities, etc. are traded. The term ‘market’ can also refer to exchanges that are legal organizations that facilitate the trade of financial securities between buyers and sellers. In any case, these markets are categorized based of the type of financial securities that are traded through them. One such financial market is the Derivatives Market.

Derivatives market thus refers to the financial marketplace where derivative instruments such as futures, forwards and options contracts are traded between counterparties.

It was during the 1980s and 1990s that the financial markets saw a major growth in the trade of derivatives. A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from the value of an underlying asset such as stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities, interest rates and/or different market indices. These underlying assets have fluctuating prices and returns, and derivatives provides a means to investors to reduce the risk exposure and leverage profits on these assets. Thus, derivatives are an essential class of financial instruments and central to the modern financial markets providing not just economic benefits but also resilience against risks. The most common derivatives include futures, forwards, options and swap contracts.

As per the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), derivatives market has grown impressively (around 24 percent per year in the last decade) into a truly global market with over €680 trillion of notional amount outstanding. The interest rate derivatives (IRDs) accounted for 82% of the total notional amount outstanding followed by currency derivatives at 11%.

Main types of derivative contracts
Derivatives derive their value from an underlying asset, or simply an ‘underlying’. There is a wide range of financial instruments that can be an underlying for a derivative such as equities or equity index, fixed-income instruments, foreign currencies, commodities, and even other securities. And thus, depending on the underlying, derivative contracts can derive their values from corresponding equity prices, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, prices of commodities and probable credit events. The most common types of derivative contracts are elucidated below:

Forwards and Futures
Forward and futures contracts share a similar feature: they are an agreement between two parties to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset at a specified price (or ‘exercise price’) on a predetermined date in the future (or ‘expiration date’). While forwards are customized contracts i.e., they can be tailor-made according to the asset being traded, expiry date and price, and traded Over-the-Counter (OTC), futures are standardized contracts traded on centralized exchanges. The party that buys the underlying is said to be taking a long position while the party that sells the asset takes a short position and both parties are obligated to fulfil their part of the contract.

Options
An option contract is a financial derivative that gives its holder the right (but not the obligation) to trade an underlying asset at a price set in advance irrespective of the market price at maturity. When an option is bought, its holder pays a fixed amount to the option writer as cost for this flexibility of trading that the option provides, known as the premium. Options can be of the types: call (right to buy) or put (right to sell).

Swaps
Swaps are agreements between two counterparties to exchange a series of cash payments for a stated period of time. The periodic payments charged can be based on fixed or floating interest rates, depending on contract terms decided by the counterparties. The calculation of these payments is based on an agreed-upon amount, called the notional principal amount (or just notional).

Exchange-traded vs Over-the-counter Derivatives Market
Exchange-traded derivatives markets
Exchange-traded derivatives markets are standardized markets for derivatives trading and follows rules set by the exchange. For instance, the exchange sets the expiry date of the derivatives, the lot-size, underlying securities on which derivatives can be created, settlement process etc. The exchange also performs the clearing and settlement of trades and provide credit guarantee by acting as a counterparty for every trade of derivatives. Thus, exchanges provide a transparent and systematic course of action for any derivatives trade.

Over-the-counter markets
Over-the-counter (also Derivatives products comics known as “OTC”) derivatives markets on the other hand, provide a lesser degree of regulations. They were almost entirely unregulated before the financial crisis of 2007-2008 (also a time when derivatives markets were criticized, and the blame was placed on Credit Default Swaps). OTCs are customized markets and run by dealers who hedge risks by indulging in derivatives trading.

Types of market participants
The participants in the derivative markets can be categorized into different groups namely,

Hedgers
Hedging is a risk-neutralizing strategy when an investor seeks to protect a current or anticipated position in the market by limiting their risk exposure. They can do so by taking up an offset or counter position through derivative contracts. Parties such as individuals or companies who perform hedging are called Hedgers. The hedger thus aims to eliminate volatility against fluctuating prices of underlying securities and protect herself/himself from any downsides.

Speculators
Speculation is a very common technique used by traders and investors in the derivatives market. It is based on when traders have a strong viewpoint regarding the market behavior of any underlying security and though it is risky, if the viewpoint is correct, the speculation may reward with attractive payoffs. Thus, speculators use derivative contracts with a view to make profit from the subsequent price movements. They do not have any risk to hedge, in fact, they operate at a relatively high-risk level in anticipation of profits and provide liquidity in the market.

Arbitrageurs
Arbitrage is a strategy in which the participant (or arbitrageur) aims to make profits from the price differences which arise in the investments made in the financial markets as a result of mispricing. Arbitrageurs aim to earn low risk profits by taking two different positions in the same or different contracts (across different time periods) or on different exchanges to in-cash on price discrepancies or market inefficiencies.

Margin Traders
Margin is essentially the collateral amount deposited by an investor investing in a financial instrument to the counterparty in order to cover for the credit risk associated with the investment. In margin trading, the trader or investor is not required to pay the total value of your position upfront. Instead, they only need pay the margin amount which may vary and are usually fixed by the stock exchanges considering factors like volatility. Thus, margin traders buy and sell securities over a single session and square off their position on the same day, making a quick payoff if their speculations are right.

Criticism of derivatives
While derivatives provide numerous benefits and have significantly impacted modern finance and markets, they pose many risks too. In a 2002 letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders, Warren Buffet even described derivatives as “financial weapons of mass destruction”.

Derivatives are more highly leveraged due to relatively relaxed regulations surrounding them, and where one may need to put up half the money or more with buying other securities, derivatives traders can get by with just putting up a few percentage points of the total value of a derivatives contract as a margin. If the price of the underlying asset keeps falling, covering the margin account can lead to enormous losses. Derivatives are thus often criticized as they may allow investors to obtain unsustainable positions that elevates systematic risk so much that it can be equated to legalized gambling. Derivatives are also exposed to counterparty credit risk wherein there is scope of default on the contract by any of the parties involved in the contract. The risk becomes even greater while trading on OTC markets which are less regulated.

Derivatives have been associated with a number of high-profile credit events over the past two decades. For instance, in the early 1990s, Procter and Gamble Corporation lost more than $100 million in transactions in equity swaps. In 1995, Barings collapsed when one of its traders lost $1.4 billion (more than twice its then capital) in trading equity index derivatives.

The amounts involved with derivatives-related corporate financial distresses in the 2000s increased even more. Two such events were the bankruptcy of Enron Corporation in 2001 and the near collapse of AIG in 2008. The point of commonality among these events was the role of OTC derivative trades. Being an AAA-rated company, AIG was being exempted from posting collateral on most of its derivatives trading in 2008. In addition, AIG was unique among CDS market participants and acted almost exclusively as credit protection seller. When the global financial crisis reached its peak in late 2008, AIG’s CDS portfolios recorded substantial mark-to-market losses. Consequently, the company was asked to post $40 billion worth of collateral and the US government had to introduce a $150 billion financial package to prevent AIG, once the world’s largest insurer by market value, from filing for bankruptcy.

Conclusion
Derivatives were essentially created in response to some fundamental changes in the global financial system. If correctly handled, they help improve the resilience of the system, hedge market risks and bring economic benefits to the users. Thus, they are expected to grow further with financial globalization. However, past credit events have exposed many weaknesses in the organization of their trading. The aim is to minimize the risks associated with such trades while enjoying the benefits they bring to the financial system. An important challenge is to design new rules and regulations to mitigate the risks and to promote transparency by improving the quality and quantity of statistics on derivatives markets.